27 research outputs found
Life on sand dunes from lichens point of view – effect of microclimate and seasonality on activity of terricolous lichen communities
Terricolous lichen communities are widely distributed in the Kiskunság Region,
however we have limited information about the photosynthetic activity of the
species living in different microhabitats. In consequence of the dominant wind
direction, sand dunes of this region have mainly North-East (NE) and South-West
(SW) exposure. These more humid (NE) and more arid (SW) slopes ensure diverse
microhabitats for terricolous lichen species with different environmental
requirements. To ascertain the effect of microclimate and seasonal weather
conditions beside chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and photosynthetic
pigment composition analysis, two HOBO micrometeorological stations (with Tsoil,
WCsoil, Tair, RH% and PAR sensors) were placed on NE and SW facing slopes of a
sand dune near Bugacpuszta. During the three year continuous data collection we
got an inside view of lichen’s everyday living conditions. The most considerable
differences between the two microhabitat types were in Tsoil, in irradiation and in
relative humidity. In greater detail, degree and trend of variation in parameters
changed during the day, and showed characteristic seasonality. We observed
significant differences in all micrometeorological parameters between seasons
during the years. In long-term on SW facing slope because of averagely higher air
temperature (0,2 °C) and lower air humidity (0,5%) the vapour pressure deficit is
higher (0,2 kPa) than that of on NE facing slopes. The higher incoming irradiation
on SW side causes higher soil temperature, and lower soil water content. PAR,
WCsoil and Tsoil showed significant difference between microhabitats in every
season. In summer probably the short active periods on both types of
microhabitats cause smaller difference in Fv/Fm, meanwhile in spring the small
difference between more arid and more humid microhabitats can explain with the
most beneficial environmental conditions during the year
Hazai nyárak populációgenetikai és élettani vizsgálata az erdészeti célú felhasználás fejlesztése céljából = Population genetic and physiological investigation on native poplars for development of silvicultural application
A pályázati munka során 11 tájegysĂ©g 32 populáciĂłjában jelöltĂĽnk ki fehĂ©r, rezgĹ‘ Ă©s szĂĽrke nyár mintafákat. A mintázott 931 egyedbĹ‘l 409-et vontunk be a genetikai vizsgálatokba. Az elvĂ©gzett RAPD, PCR-RFLP Ă©s SSR vizsgálatok során megállapĂtottuk, hogy a kiválasztott markerek alkalmasak az alapfajok egyedeinek taxonĂłmia elkĂĽlönĂtĂ©sĂ©re, az SSR vizsgálat pedig a hibridizáltság mĂ©rtĂ©kĂ©nek megállapĂtására a szĂĽrke nyár esetĂ©ben. Az egyes populáciĂłk genetikai diverzitását kifejezĹ‘ mutatĂłinak összevetĂ©se során megállapĂtottuk, hogy az alapfajok azon populáciĂłi mutatják a legmagasabb változatosságot, amelyek az ökolĂłgiai szempontbĂłl a faj optimálishoz közelebb állĂł termĹ‘helyein találhatĂłk. A molekuláris variancia forrása valamennyi vizsgálati metodika esetĂ©ben a populáciĂłkon belĂĽli változatosságra volt döntĹ‘ mĂ©rtĂ©kben visszavezethetĹ‘. Az összehasonlĂtĂł növĂ©nyĂ©lettani vizsgálatok cĂ©lja nĂ©gy nyár faj eltĂ©rĹ‘ gyökeresedĂ©si hajlamának a hátterĂ©ben állĂł okok Ă©s azok lehetsĂ©ges befolyásolásának a megállapĂtása volt. A klĂłnok között a nem-strukturális szĂ©nhidráttartalomban eltĂ©rĂ©s nem mutatkozott, nem befolyásolta a gyökeresedĂ©st a dugványok eredeti helyzete Ă©s vastagsága sem. Az alkalmazott auxin kezelĂ©sek a gyökeresedĂ©st nem fokozták, az auxin transzport gátlása viszont jelentĹ‘sen csökkentette. PozitĂv hatást az etilĂ©nszintĂ©zis fokozásával Ă©rtĂĽnk el. Az eredmĂ©nyek alapján a nyár fajok közötti gyökeresedĂ©si kĂĽlönbsĂ©g az eltĂ©rĹ‘ etilĂ©n szintre vezethetĹ‘ vissza. | In the frame of the research project 32 populations in 11 regions of Hungary were mapped during the last 4 years in order to inventory the genetic diversity of white poplar, trembling aspen and grey poplar. 409 individual out of the 931 trees sampled were analysed using RAPD, PCR-RFLP and SSR markers. We were able to distinguish between the three species with all the three marker types and the proportion of parent species in grey poplar individuals were also detected. Diversity indices showed the highest values in the populations which grow on ecologically optimal habitats. The Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) signed moderate variance among regions and relatively high proportion of diversity within populations. The objectives of our comparative physiological investigation on four poplar species were to determine the reasons for their different adventitious rooting abilities and to try to improve them. There were no significant differences in non-structural carbohydrate contents among the clones, and had no effect of the original position and diameter of cuttings on rooting. Root formation could not be enhanced by the applied auxin treatments however it was remarkably reduced by the inhibition of auxin transport. Enhancement in rooting could be only achieved by the increase of ethylene synthesis, accordingly the difference in rooting ability of poplar species can be attributed to the different ethylene level of cuttings
Recovery of acetone rinsed lichen thalli of Cladonia foliacea = Cladonia foliacea zuzmótelepek regenerálódása acetonos kezelést követően
The optimal period for applying acetone (best for extraction and shortest possible
for avoiding detrimental effects), was established for dry lichen thalli rinsed in
acetone following the methods by Solhaug and Gauslaa applied in 2001. Secondary
lichen substances (usnic and fumarprotocetraric acids) were analysed by HPTLC
and HPLC, the detrimental effect of acetone was tested by chlorophyll fluorescence
measurement. The optimal duration for acetone rinsing proved to be around 1–
2(–5) days in the samples collected in summer. The determined Fv/Fm values of
Cladonia foliacea remained relatively high even after 1024 hours compared to any
of the 12 species studied previously. A seasonal difference between summer and
winter collected thalli was found. According to our results the thalli collected in
winter are more sensitive to acetone rinsing. Therefore the summer period – when
lichens are more frequently in dry condition and therefore photosynthetically
active for a shorter period – is more advantageous for collecting samples for
transplantation experiments combined with acetone rinsing. Higher
concentrations of usnic acid and fumarprotocetraric acid were found in winter
samples than in summer ones. The considerable variability is possibly due to a
natural variability among the samples (substance content among and within thalli)
and partly to the preparation methods. However, homogenised (lyophilised, then
ground) samples showed no difference in usnic acid content if extracted for 15, 30,
40 or 50 minutes.
The thalli re-placed in controlled field condition after acetone rinsing experiments
were observed monthly. The digital images showed serious damage already after
1–2 months at most of the treated thalli. Samples were investigated after a 6
months recovery period. The results confirm the advantage of summer collecting.
Though both winter and summer collected samples rinsed in acetone less than
16/32 hours showed similar, good vitality based on Fv/Fm measurements,
however photosynthetically active parts of thalli were smaller in case of winter
collected samples.
Supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund OTKA 81232, 101713, the
Research Centre of Excellence – 11476-3/2016/FEKUT and the project NKFI K
124341 financed by the National Research Development and Innovation Fund